The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the simplest and most old heart studies. It remains an integral part of the assessment of cardiological patients, providing important information to medical personnel on all continents. ECG is an representation of the electrical activity of the heart muscle in time on paper or electronic media.
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ECG is recorded on special calibrated paper. The horizontal axis of the square (the smallest division) with a length of 1 mm is 0.04 s. Each large block of 5 mm wide corresponds to 0.2 s. The upper black marks indicate 3 second intervals. A vertical line consisting of two large blocks is 1 millivolt (MV).
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The process of spreading impulse to the heart is reflected by teeth, intervals and segments. The teeth are indicated by the letters of the Latin alphabet - P, Q, R, S, T, U. When deciphering the ECG recording, all segments and intervals must be calculated with an accuracy of 0.01 s. The b and S teeth are always negative, and the R-toleure is positive. When interpreting the teeth p and t, attention is drawn to the shape, amplitude and sign (- +, +, +-). In relation to the isoline, a ST segment is considered: below or above the isoline, on the isoline, how many millimeters.
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The abbreviations of the left and right atrium correspond to the P-waves. Normally, the temporary interval from the beginning of the rounded teeth to its completion ranges from 0.06 to 0.1 s, and the amplitude value - from 0.5 to 2.5 mm (0.05 - 0.25 mV).
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The ventricular complex QRS begins with a descending deflection Q, continues with the ascending line of the Runt R and ends with a s-subble, deviating down. In a healthy person, intraventricular conductivity, which reflects the complex, lasts from 0.06 to 0.11 s. By deciphering the ECG, pay special attention to the Q Tube. It should not last more than 0.04 C and exceed 1/3 R-subz. Q-subts is a teeth of necrosis, if it exceeds regulatory indicators. All pathological changes indicate a large letter and put an exclamation mark nearby.
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The tooth T reflects the process of returning to the normal state (repolarization) of the ventricular myocardium. Normally, its unequal rounded peak is directed in the same direction as the QRS complex. Normal value-0.16-0.24 s. The display of negative isosceles coronary (pointed) teeth is characteristic of myocardial ischemia.
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The ST segment in healthy people should be on the isoline. It can deviate by no more than 1 mm (0.1 mV) up or down. This is the second most important place on the ECG, since the deviation of the segment above the norm characterizes the damage to the heart of the heart.
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Sometimes a small tooth of U. does not have a diagnostic value of a diagnostic value, but when deciphering the electrocardiogram, it cannot be confused with the P-subble.
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By ECG, you can calculate the heart rate (heart rate). To do this, calculate the number of blocks with a side of 5 mm in one RR interval. Divide 300 by the resulting number. For example, 4 squares in the interval correspond to 75 beats per minute. The larger RR, the less heart rate. In a healthy person, heart rate varies from 60 to 90 beats per minute. The increase in abbreviations is called tachycardia, the opposite process - bradycardia.
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The heart mode can be regular and irregular. Again, consider the RR interval. If its values \u200b\u200bare the same or have a spread of up to 10%, then the rhythm will be classified as regular.
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The location of the heart in the chest cavity is determined by the electrical axis of the heart (EOS). As a rule, it corresponds to the anatomical axis of the heart. Normally, the EOS is located in the range of 0-90 °. If the angle is less than 0 °, then they talk about the deviation of the EOS to the left. If it takes values \u200b\u200bof more than 90 ° - to the right.
The presented information will greatly simplify the reading and interpretation of the printout of the ECG, but nevertheless the last word should be left for a medical worker.
For this it is better to contact a professional doctor, because you can read anything there yourself .... The most important thing is that the indicators are good. To do this, I recommend taking the Evalarovsky magnesium + potassium cardio in hissing pills. I order a phytomarket in the online store. A very important additive for the cardiovascular system and nervous too.
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For this it is better to contact a professional doctor, because you can read anything there yourself .... The most important thing is that the indicators are good. To do this, I recommend taking the Evalarovsky magnesium + potassium cardio in hissing pills. I order a phytomarket in the online store. A very important additive for the cardiovascular system and nervous too.