What is mononucleosis

Increasingly, in medical institutions you can hear the diagnosis of mononucleosis. What is this disease? What symptoms indicate its presence? What are the consequences and how to avoid them? Answers to these questions will be found below in the article.

1

What is mononucleosis?

The acute infectious viral disease, accompanied by the lesion of lymph nodes, the rotogling with the presence of fever is called mononucleosis (Filatov's disease). In the process of progression of pathology, they are involved in the pathogenic process of the spleen and the liver, which entails a specific change in the elemental plasma content. In medicine, mononucleosis also refers to - monocytic angina or benign lymphoblastosis.

2

Causes of the appearance of pathology

The root cause of the mononucleosis is a virus called Epstein-Barr (VEB), it is still referred to as a grade 4 type virus. According to the latest research, this disease is present in 90% of the population, but is in the "sleep mode". The manifestation of symptoms of the presence of a virus is mainly in primary infection, then the diagnosis of mononucleosis is made.

An infection is transmitted - air-droplet. After primary infection, the person is able to transmit the virus around the surrounding for up to 18 months. Even with the prerequisite that herpes virus 4 did not show itself. Also up to 25% of seropositive people (herpes carriers) are capable of spreading the virus molecules.

3

Symptoms of mononucleosis

Immunity of a healthy person is immune to the hepatitis virus, but when weakening the immune system (immunodeficiency), an easy or erased form of the disease can develop.

After infection, the incubation period can last from 5 days, up to 1.5 months, while the symptoms of the presence of pathology are missing completely. The disease is usually developing in stages:

• Initially, a subfebrile temperature is rising, which keeps over for several days.
• There is a slight malaise and an increased fatigue is observed.
• Laying the nose, blush mucous laundry, almonds increase.

If pathology develops in acute form, then temperature indicators may grow rapidly. The patient complains of constantly present headache, the pain in the throat, increasing during the shraching. There is a chill, leaving the body. In such agony, the patient may be from week, up to several months, when periods of exacerbation are replaced by normalization of the state.

When progressing a viral infection appears:

• lymphadenopathy;
• nasal congestion (not in all cases);
• angina;
• hyperplazed follicles in the cavity of the larynx;
• the spleen and the liver increases;
• the pain in the throat becomes unbearable;
• lymph nodes increase in size.

On average, the manifestation of symptoms in 2-3 weeks is reduced, but recurrences occur in most cases.

4

About diagnosis and therapy

Diagnose mononucleosis can be diagnosed in symptoms when the disease is in the "fastest". As for the primary diagnosis, laboratory blood tests are needed. When mononucleosis, atypical mononuclears in a complex with elevated lymphocytes and reduced leukocytes are revealed in the analysis. Also define antibodies to hepatitis.

No matter how sad it sounds, but the specific therapy of mononucleosis has not yet been developed. Doctors prescribe drugs to eliminate symptoms, and also conduct therapy aimed at restoring the liver. If the disease occurs in severe form, corticosteroids can be appointed.

If there is at least any suspicions for the presence of mononucleosis, you should contact a specialist and pass appropriate analyzes. If the form of the disease is light or moderate, then therapy can be carried out at home. In severe pathology, hospitalization is necessary.

It is impossible to call the mononucleosis deadly disease, but in the absence of appropriate therapy, the following complications are possible in the form of otitis, paraphrolitis, sinusitis, pneumonia. In rare cases, a sharp increase in the spleen can provoke its gap (hemolytic anemia).