The most common cause of disability as a result of visual impairment is glaucoma. According to the World Health Organization, from its various forms affects about 100 million people in the world.
Glaucoma (from the Greek -. Blurred blue eyes) - this body of disease that occurs when raising the intraocular pressure (IOP).
types of glaucoma
According to the mechanism of release:
- open-;
- closure.
By the time of occurrence:
- congenital;
- acquired.
Glaucoma Development Mechanism
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease, ie, for its development, a combination of reasons. The main of them:
- increased intraocular pressure due to an imbalance between the inflow and outflow of fluid;
- hereditary abnormalities of the eye;
- trauma;
- vascular and endocrine pathology.
Increased IOP leads to disruption of supply tissues of the eye and the area of \u200b\u200bthe optic nerve that causes progressive visual impairment, even blindness.
The main symptoms of glaucoma
- Progressive visual field loss.
- The appearance of veil before the eyes.
- Violation of adaptation in the dark.
- Discomfort in the eyes.
As manifestations of the disease depend on the mechanism of its development. In open angle glaucoma IOP rises slightly and gradually as a result of abnormalities in the natural drainage system of the eye. It is located in the corner of the front of the camera.
Clinic open-form:
- the gradual loss of vision;
- visual field loss;
- turbidity and change eye color.
Closure form is acute. The mechanism of development associated with the inability to churn through the natural drainage system that leads to a sharp rise in IOP.
The main symptoms are:
- sharp pain in the eye;
- bleeding in a blue;
- nausea, vomiting;
- headache;
Diagnosing glaucoma
- A study of the fundus.
- Measurement of intraocular pressure (tonometry).
- US.
- Determination of latitude fields of view.
- Gonioscopy (Study peripheral anterior chamber angle).
glaucoma treatment
Physiotherapy aims to normalize the blood supply to the organ of vision. The most common method of eletrostimulyatsii optic nerve and retina.
Drug treatment is aimed at reducing IOP.
- To improve drainage: prostaglandins, parasympathomimetics.
- To reduce the production of aqueous humor: beta-blockers, non-selective alpha-adrenergic agonists.
- Surgical treatment is aimed at restoring the outflow tract. There are many operations that are used for this purpose, but resorted to him with no effect on other therapies.
Glaucoma - severe disabling disease, which can not be completely cured, only to suspend its development. It is therefore very important for the first symptoms to consult a specialist. Come time to preventive medical examinations. Remember the simple rules of hygiene, and be healthy!
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