Dexamethasone - hormonal medicinal substance for systemic use, the main active substance of which is to dexamethasone sodium phosphate. It is used for disease therapy that can be influenced by glucocorticoids. The main form of release is injection solutions.
What are dexamethasone use for?
The drug is prescribed to cure a wide range of diseases, including:
- damage to connective tissue (rheumatism);
- various types of shock states;
- brain edema of such origin - as a result of the cranial and brain injury, the development of tumors, encephalitis, radiation damage, etc.;
- acute allergic reactions;
- pulmonary diseases, such as fibrosis;
- ulcerative colitis and similar inflammatory gastrointestinal problems;
- nephrotic syndrome;
- sharp dermatoses;
- blood disease;
- substituents in the illness of Addison (adrenal insufficiency), sheno syndrome (pituitary insufficiency), androgenital syndrome;
- some types of tuberculosis (along with antibiotics);
- various lymphomas;
- to neutralize the negative effects of operations.
Contraindications and side reactions of dexamethasone
- The medicine can cause allergic reactions, as a result of the individual intolerance to the current component.
- It is also not recommended to use in patients with severe ulcerative diseases of gastrointestinal tracts; People suffering from osteoporosis, myopathy or viral diseases (most often - chickenpox, slimming, eye herpes, poliomyelitis).
- Systemic micaosis, glaucoma, lymphadenitis exclude the use of dexamethasone.
Among the adverse reactions can be observed a significant increase in appetite and a weight gain, the oppression of the functions of the pituitary gland, hypothalamus, adrenal glands, as well as the sex glands. Infants are able to develop growth retardation, Izeno-Cushing syndrome. In some cases, there is an amplification of fungal, bacterial or viral infections, slow wound healing, decrease in vaccine efficiency and vaccinations.
From the CNS, headache, dizziness, various affective disorders (from euphoria to irritability and increased aggressiveness), sleep disorders, increased anxiety, confusion. In rare cases, the appearance of hallucinations, the development of psychosis, amnesia, seizures, as well as physical dependence on the reception of the substance.
The digestive system reacts in unimportant, the abdomen, the occurrence of ulcers and perforations with hemorrhage, pancreatitis, vomiting, or insignificant nausea attacks. Violations of metabolism are concluded in sodium delay and the release of potassium, negative nitrogen balance.
Reception of dexamethasone sometimes affects the state of the eyes and visual perception. It causes an increase in the heart in sizes, angina, up to myocardial infarction, swelling and pressure increase, stagnant heart failure, the development of purpura, thrombophlebitis and other blood problems.
Minor reactions from the cover, in the form of an increased sweating, the occurrence of acne, stretch marks, hyperpigmentation, atrophic processes, disturbed by the distribution of subcutaneous tissue, together with muscle weakness and bone fragility.
Dosage and dexamethasone cancellation syndrome
With long-term use of the drug (within a few weeks), the above-mentioned side effects may develop, first of all - Cushing syndrome. In addition to symptomatic relief of symptoms, there is no effective means for removing the drug, including ineffective hemodialysis. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the abolition of dexamethasone should be gradual. In the opposite case, there is a risk of cancellation syndrome, leading to adrenal insufficiency and even a fatal outcome. With the deterioration of the condition of the patient, the reception of the drug must urgently stop.
Obviously, the use of self-medication without consulting a doctor is strictly prohibited. Appointment of medication during pregnancy is recommended only for vital indications. Breastfeeding in the treatment unacceptable. The maximum single dose for adults is 80 mg. For children is calculated with a factor of 0.16 mg. per kilogram of body weight. Intravenously, intra-articularly for 3-4 days, then - oral. In particular cases, dug into the ear canal and is applied topically.
The drug increases and slows down certain drugs, and others did not respond. Among them, glucose and sodium chloride solutions, metapaminol, glycopyrolate.
The article is for informational purposes before applying should contact a physician.
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