DNA is deciphered as deoxyribonucleic acid. You can see DNA by means of a powerful microscope, but it looks like a long molecule, similar to a rope staircase twisted around its axis.
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The DNA molecule is the so-called "passport" or "plan" of a person in which all information about him is laid. It is the growth, bone structure, skull shape, structure and hair color, eye color and other distinctive features. DNA is responsible for accurate copying of dividing cells. When a child begins to develop in the mother's womb, it is the DNA that provides the identity of all cells by properly reading the hereditary information. When conceived, the future child receives 50% DNA molecules from the mother and 50% - from the Father.
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Individual DNA molecules are absolutely in all cells of the human body. It consists of DNA from all of four chemical compounds: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. These elements are connected by pairs (genes) and only this: adenine with thimine, and cytosine with guanin. It is these couples that make up the "crossbars" of the rope ladder, which was mentioned above. The location of pairs of molecules in the common chain is responsible for the hereditary signs of a person.
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Each DNA molecule is packed (rolled) inside the chromosome cell. And these chromosome are already inside all human cells. A genetically healthy person in all cells are 46 chromosomes, and in the genital - 23.
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If the DNA molecule is conditionally pulled out in one line, i.e. Expand from the state of the helix, then its length will be about 1.8 meters. In total, it can be about 60,000 genes, the combination of location of which is responsible for the individual features of each person.
The discovery of DNA in 1868 allowed scientists to prove that each person is a carrier of gene information. Today, with the help of analysis on DNA, the doctors are set up to 99.99% by paternity or related ties.
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