Meningitis is a disease of the shells of the head and spinal cord. It is caused by both bacteria and viruses. Meningitis has a primary form resulting from the infection of the shells, and secondary - due to the complications of other diseases.
General concepts of meningitis
This infectious disease is considered extremely difficult, therefore implies urgent treatment with antibiotics. It is accompanied by inflammation of brain shells - soft and solid, covering brain fabric. The disease is different in the field of inflammation:
- with the defeat of soft shells - leptomingitis;
- with damage to hard shells - it is Pakh Xemigit;
- panmengit is inflammation of all the shells.
Meningitis is one of the most serious brain diseases. It leads to negative consequences that concern health, development and disability. In addition, the disease leads to a fatal outcome.
Types of meningitis
Bacteria Pneumococcus and meningococcus penetrate the central nervous system, causing bacterial meningitis:
- Children under 6 years old are sick due to hemophilic sticks. Meningitis can develop after pneumonia, otitis, skull injuries and sinusitis.
- When the bacterium is hit, meningococcus the disease occurs hard. A rash (spots of different sizes) may appear on the hips, buttocks and mucous membranes. In addition, the patient is strongly illuminated, the temperature rises.
- Pneumococcal type is considered the most common. At the same time, half of patients occur pneumonia. The main symptoms are the defeat of the nerves of the skull, the attacks of epilepsy and parishes of the gaze.
Bacterial meningitis can cause severe consequences, for example, pneumonia, shock, blood coagulation disorders.
If the meningitis is viral, then it can have symptoms of infectious disease, for example, moderate fever, pain in the head and weakness. At the same time, meningitis symptoms are poorly expressed.
It also happens tuberculous meningitis, which, with adequate treatment, does not end with a fatal outcome. Symptoms: Increased temperature, head pain, vomiting, defeat of cranial nerves.
The result of treatment depends on the correct diagnosis.
Symptoms of the disease
The first manifestations of meningitis are very important, because the timely treatment and elimination of the consequences depend on this:
- sharp increase in temperature, sometimes critical;
- headache;
- numbness in the neck area (problematic head movement);
- no appetite;
- vomiting that does not bring relief;
- the rash that disappears when squeezing the skin, and after some time, bruises appear in these places;
- disorder;
- the weakness of the body;
- hallucinations, increased excitation.
How can I get in meningitis?
Pathogenic microorganisms are the cause of primary meningitis. They can be transmitted in different ways:
- Airborne droplet. Saliva, mucus separated by coughing and sneezing into the air.
- Household contact. When using one kitchenware and hygiene objects with patients;
- Oral fecal method. You can get infected with food with unwashed hands, food without heat treatment.
- Through blood. The causative agent is transported to brain shells.
- Through lymphatic fluid.
- Placental infection. The infection passes through the placenta to the fetus.
- Through oral. When bathing in swimming pools or water bodies, you can swallow the causative agent of infection.
Diagnosis of disease
It is possible to identify meningitis when examining the patient, according to the general blood test, as well as as a result of the analysis of the spinal leaf, and the method of PCR, MRI and CT, electroencephalography and electromyography. The spinal fluid is investigated, which is taken by a syringe from the spinal canal.
Treatment of meningitis
Before the appearance of antibiotics, mortality was 95%. But with their discovery, the picture has changed dramatically. This disease is developing very quickly. In some cases, emergency assistance is required (increase in pressure inside the skull, brain swelling, violation of consciousness, coma).
Treatment assumes the presence of a separate chamber under the permanent supervision of the doctor. At the same time, some conditions for the patient must be observed - this is a moderate light, the exclusion of loud sounds. Modern methods of treatment involve the reception of synthetic drugs:
- In bacterial nature, antibiotics are prescribed: Pennitiline, ampicillin, cephalosporin, carbapenem.
- With viral disease, the main goal is to anesthetize, lower the body temperature, to establish the body's water balance. Interferon and "glucocorticosteroids", additional barbiturates, vitamins B, vitamin diet, antiviral medicines are prescribed as the main treatment.
- Mushroom meningitis needs to be treated by amphotericin in and "5-flucitosin".
- For detoxification of the body assign "athoxyl" or "enterosgel".
Meningite needs to be treated comprehensively in the hospital. At the same time, bedding is very important, acceptance of medicines, including antibiotics and antivirals. With severe illness, resuscitation is required. If correct, and most importantly, on time, treat meningitis, then it can be completely cured. As preventive measures, you can make vaccination, which is effective for 4 years, but it does not give 100% protection.
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