Everyone is familiar with the word photosynthesis, but correctly give an answer, which means this term, not everyone will be able. Completely pop up in memory of complex schemes from the textbook of general biology and a teacher's story, overwhelmed by the scientific terms of the most difficult biochemical process. Let's try to figure out what photosynthesis is.
A little about those who participate in the process of photosynthesis
In all living organisms having a green pigment chlorophyll, the process of photosynthesis is carried out, such a ability has:
- plants inhabiting land (gone, coated, floating, and also growing on the bottom of the World Ocean (algae multicellular and unicellular)
- unicellular animals (Evglen Green, Chlammedonada)
- animals that have received the ability to recycle the energy of the Sun in the process of evolution, and having chlorophyll in the cells (some broxogues of mollusks and sea slugs)
- photosynthesis can possess some bacteria (inhale-free photosynthesis)
The chief participant in the photosynthesis process, in the overwhelming majority of cases - the sheet, and rather its pigment is green - chlorophyll, which is able to "catch" and accumulate solar energy.
Fotosynthesis process
Photosynthesis - This is a complex plant nutrition of plants, passing in each leaflet, blades, algae, having a pigment chlorophyll. In the process of the evolution of the plant, they learned how to use solar energy for their own purposes.
Under the influence of chemical processes, solar energy is converted to the green pigments of the leaves in the organic connection - glucose. The reaction is carried out by water that comes from the root of the plant along the stalk and carbon dioxide contained in the air. As a result, organic compounds are obtained from inorganic compounds, they go to the growth and development of plants, and the surplus is accumulated in the leaves, tubers, glucose stems. The by-product of photosynthesis is needed important to the living beings of the oxygen inhabable planet.
Two phases of photosynthesis
Two phases of photosynthesis are isolated - dark and light.
In the daytime is carried outthe light phase of photosynthesis on the membranes (grans) of chloroplasts, where chlorophyll is located:
- Photons of light affect the pigment chlorophyll, located in chloroplasts. Electrons that are part of the molecule begin the nonhistant move and come off from the cell surface.
- Once all electrons leave chlorophyll, photons of light begin to act on water molecules. As a result of the chemical reaction, the water molecule is disintegrated by H + (accumulate on the grains of the membrane) and OH- (go to the formation of oxygen atoms).
- The synthesis of ATP (adenosineryphosphoric acid) is occurring - energy supply and accumulation of it inside the cells of plants. ATP acid, as a universal source of energy, is necessary for transition of the process of photosynthesis to the dark phase.
At night, a dark phase of photosynthesis is carried out - Calvin cycle
It is in the dark phase that carbon dioxide (CO2) and the formation of carbohydrates (C6H12O6) in the cells of plants occurs.
Interesting about chlorophyll
Why leaves green? Because the pigment is chlorophyll, in the process of photosynthesis, absorbs all the colors except green, which reflects, so the leaves have a green color. In the plants, in addition to chlorophyll, there are other pigments of orange, yellow, red. We are not visible during spring and summer due to the dominant number of chlorophyll. In the fall, when the green pigment is destroyed due to the reduction of the daylight, the leaves are painted in red, yellow and crimson color.
Chlorophyll is used in the food industry like a dietary supplement E140,i want to believe that it brings for our body only the benefit.
Photosynthesis in human life
- The photosynthesis process plays a decisive role in the development of organic life on Earth. If it were not, then all life on our planet was limited to bacteria.
- Photosynthesis is assigned a fundamental role in the supply chain, after all, herbal animals feed on the grass, which are eating predators, and a person uses vegetable and animal food to eat.
- All combustible substances were formed on Earth as a result of photosynthesis processes.
- Burning, rotting, breathing - all these phenomena are associated with photosynthesis
- Oxygen obtained in the process of recycling the energy of the Sun energy is necessary for us for breathing. Its allotropic modification - ozone forms on the borders of the stratosphere with the ozone layer space, protecting the Earth from direct sunlight.
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