Daltonism is a defective view that does not allow to see the world in all its paints due to violation of color perception. The name "Daltonism" received in honor of his discoverer - D. Dalton, who described it at the end of the XVII century. Due to the fact that such a violation of vision is mainly not affected by its sharpness, "loss" from the general picture of one or more colors often remains unnoticed and is determined by chance. What does Daltonism manifest itself and can it be identified independently? In this article we will try to answer these questions.
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In the case of daltonism, as well as any other disease, it is possible to understand its manifestations, only having studied the mechanism of occurrence. The direct cause of the color perception defect is the violation of the functioning of photosensitive cells of the retinal of the eye (colodes) or their absence. This in turn may be congenital (genetic) defect or arise already in the course of life (as a result of injuries of the eye, its diseases, age-related changes, admission of certain medicines). According to Dalton statistics, there are more often painful representatives of the strong floor - about 8%, while representatives of the weaker sex, it occurs much less frequently - approximately 0.5%.
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Normally, the person "employs" all three types of columns: L (with a pigment, which is responsible for the perception of red color), M (green) and s (blue). Such a normal flower perception is called trichromasa. If one of the types of columcas "falls out" from the process, the most common variety of daltonism is developing - dichromasa.
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Depending on which of the types of colums "off", the dichromason is divided into several types. So, if L-columbles are not functioning responsible for the perception of the red part of the spectrum, blindness develops precisely in relation to this color and is called protor. In this case, the Daltonik does not differ in the red color from its dark shades and deep brown tones, and green - from yellow, gray and bright brown shades.
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If, in the process of color perception, M-Kolkles are not involved, behind which the function is fixed to distinguish between the green spectrum, another variety of daltonism occurs - detensopia. A person who has a similar impairment of vision does not distinguishes green - he merges with light shades of pink and orange. At the same time, the red color in such a dalconic will be indistinguishable from the bright tones of brown and green.
5
When falling out of the color-perception of S-kolk cells, thanks to which we perceive the blue color spectrum, Tritanopia develops. A person with such a view of Daltonism does not distinguishes the shades of a blue-purple gamma - they merge with shades of yellow, and green and red tones are prevailing in the surrounding paints. This type of daltonism occurs much less common than protoropia and detensopy.
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If several types of colodes are involved in the pathological process, there is a less common type of daltonism - pair blindness. In this case, a person does not distinguish between several colors immediately. It is much less common to situations when all types of colums (ahromasas or absolute color blindness) are "dropped", and a person perceives the world around the world in a literal sense of the word, or the color-perception process is limited only by one color.
Considering that Daltonism is a pathology of view related precisely with a violation of color perception, on this and its diagnosis was built. For this, special color tests (Ishihara, Falant, Shtchillong, Yustova, Golmgeren) have been developed, which help to identify daltonism. You can familiarize yourself with one of the testing methods for this violation.
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