How to dig a well

If the country house is located on the shore of the reservoir, the water supply question is solved by itself. But not always the plots are located next to natural water sources, and you have to produce water from under the ground, subject to the presence of pure natural reserves. If the aquifer is placed close to the surface, then you can simply dig a well. And we will teach you how to do it with your own hands.

1
Preparatory work

To begin with, it is necessary to accurately make sure that there is water on the site, and suitable for household needs. We will have to conduct geological exploration of the area. Or you can contact the nearest neighbors who already have active wells, and ask them to test the water to check its quality.
In addition, still some owners with a sprig of a vine are looking for water by Dedov methods. We will not consider them, because even with a successful search for the source, you will not be able to determine the quality of water.

2
Choosing a place

When choosing a place where your future well is located, consider such recommendations:

If there is a large source of waste, or if it is dirty, it is better to abandon the venture to pull out the well here, since the clean water you will do. Pollutants easily penetrate through the surface waterproof layer, thereby poisoning the water.
If the neighborhood of your settlement is buzzing, then you will also not get drinking water. "Ripper" will inevitably fall into the source, and with it - and all dirt from the surface.
Consider the terrain, as on stony areas, the slopes of the mountains will be hard to make a well. Therefore, it is best to choose the plain territory for the well.
Well should not be significantly removed from the point of consumption. It is beneficial with that position that it will not be necessary to build extended communications for water intake to the house.
However, consider that the structure cannot be positioned at a distance, which is less than 5 meters from other buildings, because such a neighborhood negatively affects the foundation. Water that accumulates in the ground, itches it under the base of the house, thereby destroying.
When choosing a place, remember that the 50-meter sanitary zone should be left around the well. There should not be allowed to be allowed, waste pits, livestock yards or landfills to not spoil the water.

3
Technology coppe wells

Since the water level changes, depending on the pore threshold, hesitated within 2 meters, it is necessary to choose the right time for the coppe to do not remain without water in the dry period. It is necessary to start working in late autumn or in the winter months, because it is then that the level of groundwater is minimal. Select an open and closed way of digging the well, consider each technology more detailed.

Open method

The algorithm of the well - the well in the open way briefly looks like this:

First, it is necessary to dug a trench of a certain depth - dig up until the aquifer is reached. If there is heavy soil on your way, use scrap for its destruction. If there are stone inclusions, they need to be removed with the soil.
Approaching the water, you will feel that the air temperature in the pit falls, and small springs beat from the walls.
The pit must have a diameter that 10-15 cm is more reinforced concrete rings that you plan to use.
Lower the rings in the mine. To do this, you will need a winch, otherwise chips and cracks may form on them. A variant of using the crane is also possible, but the special equipment will cost more.
Rings need to be thoroughly combined with each other and high-qualityly seal (more Clause 4).

Closed method

An open method is unacceptable for bulk soil, as the walls of the trench will shift, which leads to a complication of work. Therefore, we will get acquainted closer with the procedure of closed well well:

Determine the place where the well is located, and remove the top layer of the soil. In this case, the diameter of the mine is identical to the outer diameter of the ring.
Delight gradually - about 0.2-2 meters, in the educated pit put the first ring. Further spending work inside the ring.
Then we place the next ring when the previous one runs down under its weight, and so act until it reach the aquifer. The latter do not stop completely.

4
Features of the connection and waterproofing rings

Since the groundwater in the ideal version, to which we strive, goes to the well from below, one should prevent water from the intermediate horizons to the source by reliable bonding and insulation of the shaft walls from the soil:

Reinforced concrete rings are twisted with steel wire, which should be hooked for transporting eyelets and tighten using scrap.
In addition, you can drill the walls of the rings and put on the bolts steel brackets for better bonding.
After connecting the rings, we will use the waterproofing of the formed seams to prevent the water seeping through them. To do this, in the space formed between them, it is recommended to place the linen rope chopped into pieces.
From above, the slit is closed with a special mixture, which does not react when contact with water. The mass is prepared from cement-sandy solution and liquid glass.
Dock over the reinforced concrete rings a meter pita to sealed them from the outside. For insulation, liquid bitumen mastic is used.
Thermal insulation material is placed on top, foam foam is fastened excellent for this purpose, and then the plot around the well is covered with clay to create a hydraulic.

5
Finishing work

After the arrangement of the well of the well, proceed to the final stage, which is as follows:

At the bottom of the well, we create a filter pillow using river stones and quartzite sand.
Now it is necessary to pump the well and remove water from it to achieve a greater debit of the source of water supply. Work is carried out with a drainage submersible pump.
When the soil is sung after the well, do not forget to create a mess around his headband, which has a size of at least 1 meter. Using crushed stone or concrete, which should be well tumped.
To prevent falling into the wells of precipitation, leaves, branches of trees, etc. Over the well, it is custom-made canopy. And when used to lift the water of the pump, you can leave a small hole for the hose or cable, and the mine itself is completely closed.
If the aquifer in the winter season freezes by virtue of the close location to the surface of the Earth, the well should be insulated, for example, with the help of minvati, as well as equip a special house. A water supply pipe in this case should be located below the level of soil freezing.