Emergency care for anaphylactic shock

Anaphylactic shock (ASH) is an immediate allergic reaction of the entire body when the allergen is re-administered, in the event of a sharply increased sensitivity to it. Let's find out how to assist in anaphylactic shock.

The most characteristic symptoms of anaphylactic shock:

A sharp decline in pressure is one of the main signs of ASH. In severe cases, diastolic pressure may not listen at all.
Anxiety, fear of death.
Headache, dizziness, cramps and even loss of consciousness.
Itching, urticaria. With a strong rapid reaction of skin rashes, it may not be.
More than 90% of cases are accompanied by an edema. It arises not necessarily at the point of contact with the allergen.
The skin is pale, covered with sticky sweat.
Difficult breathing, gravity in the chest, choking.
Nausea, pain in the stomach.
Spontaneous urination and defecation.

The first signs of ASh arise between a few seconds to five hours after contact with the stimulus. It should be known that the faster anaphylaxis is manifested, the rapidly it will be its development and heavier consequences. The direct relationship between the amount of allergen obtained and the outcome does not exist, much more influence has a method for introducing an irritant.

First actions for anaphylactic shock:

With the slightest suspicion, call ambulance. Better let her come due to false alarm than late.
Try to stop contacting the patient with an allergen. Depending on the cause of AS, do the following: Remove the needle or sting, rinse your eyes or skin, move the patient to another room.
To reduce the admission of allergen in the overall bloodstream, put the harness slightly above the injection site or bite.
Put the victim on your back and lift the legs a little.
Turn the head of the head, open the mouth and slightly slide the lower jaw. If the patient is unconscious, drop the language, clean the oral cavity from food residues and mucus.
Open the windows for the influx of fresh air.
If a person is able to swallow, give him any antihistamine drug that is in stock.
Periodically measure arterial pressure and pulse.
Follow the presence of breathing.

In the event of a complete absence of breathing and pulse, start the cardiovascular resuscitation. But with a strong respiratory tract edema, without the introduction of adrenaline, it may be ineffective. Then you should do only indirect heart massage. Remember, with a pulse make an indirect heart massage forbidden. In severe cases to open the respiratory tract, it is necessary to make a cut or a puncture of an individual ligament.

For the rescue of the life of the health workers, three drugs are first introduced simultaneously: adrenaline, prednisone, antihistamine. Since adrenaline is a prescription drug, and prednisone is a hormonal, then the chance to find them in the average first-aid kit is very small. If they are some kind of miracle, you need to introduce drugs immediately. A single dose of 0.1% of the adrenaline adrenaline solution is 0.3-0.5 ml, for children - 0.1-0.3 ml. The drug is injected intramuscularly in the forearm or the outside of the hip, you can even through clothes. Prednisone in the amount of up to 120 ml is also injected intramuscularly, and if it is impossible - orally, under the tongue. When choosing antihistamine agents, preference is given injecting options, for example: Tueva 0.1% - 1 ml; Supratine 2% - 2 ml; Dimedrol 1% - 1 ml.

Approximately 20% of patients who passed through AS, for three days, the occurrence of a repeated episode may occur. Therefore, hospitalization of such patients is obligatory.