Metronidazole is a drug that has already proves its effectiveness for some groups of microbes and the simplest, due to which it is included in the list of essential drugs. It has many other names - Clion, Trichopol, Flagil, Metrogil, Ginalgin, Clonut.
Forms of production Metronidazole
Metronidazole contains the same active base and is available in several forms:
- gel and cream for outdoor use (15 g each with an active substance content in the amount of 10 g);
- vaginal gel, tablets and white or white-yellow-colored candles (respectively 1 g, 0.5 g and 0.1 g of metronidazole in one tube, one tablet and one candle);
- tablets and suspension for intake of white or yellow-greenish color (25 mg active in 1 ml in 1 ml, respectively);
- a solution for infusions of weakly yellow color with a greenish tinge (500 mg per 100 ml).
Mechanism of action of metronidazole.
The main active ingredient of the drug, that is, the metronidazole, transforms and is included in the DNA of the pathogen, as a result of which it dies.
The "target" of this synthetic antibiotic hit:
- trichomonas, in particular - Trichomonas Vaginalis;
- dysenteric Ameba (Entamoeba Histolytica);
- gram-negative bacteroids (Fragilis, Ovatus, DistaSonis, Vulgatus) and fuzobacteria;
- sensitive gram-positive anaerobes (clostridia, eubacteria, peptococci);
- Helicobacter pylori (provided simultaneous amoxicillin intake);
- mixed flora (in the scheme with effective antibiotics aerobes).
Also, metronidazole activates regenerative processes and makes tumors more susceptible to radiation therapy. In addition, the drug is inherent in the disulfiramoid effect, so it is not recommended to combine it with alcohol.
The disposal of Metronidazole
The basis for the use of metronidazoles is the pathogens sensitive to the drug:
- simplest (liver abscess, amebiaz, giardiasis, trichomonade vaginitis and urethritis, balancing, trichomoniasis);
- bacteroids (pneumonia, lung abscesses, liver, ovarian, brain, skin infections, soft tissues, bones, joints, CNS, endocardium, small pelvis organs and abdominal cavities);
- klostridia, peptococci (sepsis, peritonitis, endometritis, ovarian abscesses, phallopy pipes);
- H.pylori (gastritis, ulcer of the stomach or 12-rosewoman).
Also, the antibiotic helps to cure a pseudommbranous colitis, which occurred due to the taking antibiotic, prevent the complications of the intestinal operations and the reproductive system organs, enhances the effect of radiation therapy. The properties of metronidazole sensitization to alcohol is sometimes used to treat alcoholism.
Contraindications possible side effects of metronidazole
Depending on the level of susceptibility, different systems of the body can respond to the metronidazole "inadequately", that is, by-phenomena:
- GTC - lack of appetite, dyspepsia, colic, constipation, dryness and anti-metal taste in the mouth, inflammation of the pancreas or stomatitis;
- the urinary system is a violation of urination (rapid, painful, incontinence), cystitis, candidiasis, a change in urine color on red-brown;
- CNS - depression, headache and dizziness, irritability, sleep disorder (insomnia), weakness;
- other systems are fever, pain in the joints, rash, redness of the skin, nasal congestion.
Also note that in the presence of organic lesions of the central nervous system, leukopenia, kidney / liver insufficiency Metronidazole is contraindicated. It also applies to pregnancy, lactation period and increased sensitivity to the drug components.
Application of tablet forms of metronidazole
Metronidazole tablets are recommended to drink in 3 versions: during the meal, after it or independently of it, but with feeding milk. Dosage depends on what purpose the drug is appointed:
- trichomoniasis: 10-day course of 0.5 g per day, 5-7-day - 0.4 g per day or 1-fold to 2 g. It is necessary to treat both partners using outdoor forms of metronidazole, with laboratory control and abstinence from proximity;
- amebiaz: 5-7-day course of 0.125 g / day to children under 12 months; 0.25 g / day - from 1 to 5 years; 0.375 g / day - from 5 to 8 years; 0.5 g / day - from 8 years; 1-1.5 g / day - adults;
- giardiasis: 5-day course with a daily dose of 0.25 g of children under 5 years; 0.375 g - from 5 to 10 years; 0.5 g - from 10 to 16 years; 0.75-10 g - adults;
- nonspecific Vaginites: 7-day course of 0.1 g / day;
- anaerobic infections: Children - 20-30 mg / kg body weight per day, adults - 1-1.5 g.
Ideally, the dose of metronidazole should be appointed by a doctor, especially in the case of the treatment of pseudo-membrane colitis, H.pylori or prevention of postoperative complications.
Application of cream, gel, infusion solutions
Other pharmacological forms of metronidazole are accepted as follows:
- the solution for infusions: intravenously at a speed of 5 ml / min three times a day at a dose at the rate of 7.5 mg / kg of the child's mass (up to 12 years) and 1.5-4 g - children from 12 years old and adults. It is impossible to mix with other drugs;
- vaginal forms: Gel - 5 days 5 g twice a day; Tablets and candles - 10 days 1 pcs / day (with trichomonade vaginite) or 7 days 2 pcs / day (with non-specific);
- outdoor forms (cream, gel): 3-6 weeks twice a day to smear on the affected area with a thin layer, you can alternate them with each other.
Metronidazole is released without a recipe, no special storage conditions require. Despite the fact that this is a drug "with experience" and its dose tested by time, the doctor's consultation will be the most correct solution to achieve full cure.
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