We often meet with the term hypothesis and do sometimes use the word in its own lexicon. But just to answer the question what it means, not everyone can. What is the meaning and reason "hypothesis" is necessary to promote, demonstrate and validate.
Hypothesis - is a way of learning
The man - a first class representative of the animal world is endowed with consciousness: the ability to reason, to seek the truth, trying to make sense of phenomena that do not have a scientific interpretation. He is interested in the processes and events in the surrounding reality. Trying to find an explanation, he collects facts systematizing them, draws an analogy between similar events, it puts their own conclusions, assumptions, guesses that in the scientific world are called hypothesesIn need of proof.
If the hypothesis can be justified by the scientific method and by experiment, it becomes theory. If it finds no scientific evidence it is called false hypothesis. If the hypothesis is difficult to prove and disprove it belongs to the category acute problems.
Types of research object hypotheses
The general hypothesis based on scientific data, it covers a large stratum of phenomena related to the life, the development of society, nature, the universe and galaxies. As a rule, the general hypothesis is further scientific evidence and becomes a theory. For example:
- The hypothesis of Democritus and MV Lomonosov about the atomic structure of the material was confirmed and became a theory.
- Modern biochemical theory of AI Oparin the origin of life on Earth has a scientific basis. There are other hypotheses that have not been confirmed, but not completely rejected:
- spontaneous generation of living creatures
- creationism - the divine origin of all living things
- panspermia - the cosmic origin of life on earth as a result of entering into its atmosphere, soil and water bacteria, spores of animal and vegetable origin.
Private hypothesisencompasses a specific section of science or considers one side of the event and phenomenon, for example:
- In medicine there are several versions of the emergence of immunodeficiency.
- Hypothesis of hereditary or viral origin oncological diseases.
- Microbiologists formulated a hypothesis about the origin of the virus.
- In jurisprudence: the robbery of the apartment is a common hypothesis, and the options for penetration into the apartment of criminals are a private hypothesis.
Single hypothesis affectsprivate case or phenomenon:
- American gerontologists suggested that people living in apartments on the upper floors grade faster than on the lower floors.
- The doctor puts forward an assumption that the patient's disease is based on his complaints.
- The appraiser of the jewelry "on the eye" determines their cost.
Hypothesis scientific and working
Scientific hypothesis - relies on existing studies and evidence, while they should not refute them and go against them (although it is impossible to say 100% that these evidence is not false). The hypothesis is confirmed by an experimental way and during the inspection should rely on the established scientific facts and theories that do not require evidence.
Working hypothesis It arises initially at the research stage of the work, by systematizing and combining facts, evidence, observations. The fate of the working hypothesis is twofold - it can become a scientific hypothesis or replace another version and stop existence.
Container hypothesis
Descriptive hypothesis -these are guesses and assumptions about the physical and chemical properties and structure of objects, objects. The theory of the wave motion of the light has become the result of the study of the light stream, its descriptions and characteristics.
Explanatory hypothesis It is advanced on the basis of an explanation of the events currently taking place or earlier, or phenomena. Consider the hypothesis about the death of dinosaurs, mammoths, gicked plants. Explanatory hypothesis is based on archaeological finds and remains of plants and ancient animals in permafrost or skeletons and fossils. Determined by scientific means of the age of representatives of the ancient world, in which era and the era lived (era and the epoch are also hypotheses).
The hypothesis plays an important role in the knowledge of the surrounding world. A person tries to explain the occurring events and phenomena, is looking for the right answer, during his research makes new discoveries along the way and put forward new hypotheses. The theory becomes the final chord of the hypothesis.
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