The cellar is built for long-term storage of products. With a negative temperature, as well as with high humidity, all billets will disappear, so the structure must be insulated.
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Practice shows that the most often finished buildings are insulated, i.e. From the inside Work is worth the cost if the walls do not let moisture. Any insulating material does not withstand moisture - rotates. If there is a flow, eliminate the cause, if it is impossible to make outlets into a special place in the cellar so that the water flows in the controlled direction. For taps, use galvanized gutters.
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If the question with moisture is resolved, the insulation can be mounted on the walls, for example, foam. Prepare the walls to the installation of the material. Take the cracks with foam or sealant. Remove the irregularities, ensuring a smooth surface. Apply throughout the area, the waterproofing coating, for example, liquid rubber, penetron or hydrosol. Check the ventilation.
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After drying the coating, fasten the foam sheets. Claper sheets per special solution for foam, additionally fix the insulation of the dowels - one in the middle of the sheet, four - in the corners. Shoots between them make foam. Put the mounting grid and apply the plaster layer.
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For a separate cellar, the thickness of the foam sheets does not matter - usually the depth of the buildings of at least 3 meters, which ensures a constant temperature all year round. For the garage cellar, a foam of 50 mm thick PSB-C-25 brand is recommended, which will provide a relatively stable temperature.
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If the cellar is located under the house, it is enough to fasten to the ceiling of foam and twisted in the same way as the walls. Concrete ceiling separately standing cellar feed the waterproofing composition, which will not give moisture to leak on top, and then glue the foam. Outside, pour the peat layer with a thickness of more than 50 cm, which is well held heat. Paul insulation with clay or sawdust.
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The ceiling of the garage cellar is insulated with another way. For avoiding the appearance of condensate, a false-brake is made. Under the concrete slab fasten the base of metal pipes with a grid, which is placed by hermetically sealed packages with straw. Get the slots between the packages.
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Mineral wool is also a good thermal insulator, it is inexpensive, but poorly tolerates humidity. It is better to use basalt or fiberglass plates. For fixing mineral plates on the walls make a wooden crate. Mates are stacked inside the design, wrapped in a steamproof film. From above, insulation can be covered with a decorative wall.
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If you cannot eliminate moisture from the inside, the cellar is isolated outside. Remove the soil from the walls outside the cellar, let the walls dry, then clean. On the surface, apply a bitumen solution with diesel (1: 3), then hot bitumen in two layers. The coating will not give moisture to enter the cellar.
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For thermal insulation of walls from the outside, use the sawing and cement coating. In sawdust. Add water and cement (1 part of the cement and 8 sawdust), mix all, put around the walls with a layer of 30-40 cm and sink. After drying, the heat insulating coating is placed, and then the rubberoid is glued using bitumen. The walls of the cellar fall asleep with soil.
It's much easier to insulate the cellar even when it is built. In this case, the amount of work is reduced and the supply of building materials is facilitated inside the construction, for example, in the manufacture and insulation of the floor, simplifies the method of ceiling insulation.
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