Strengthening the foundation is an excellent alternative to its complete restructuring. The reason for refinement may be partial destruction of the base, the settlement of the building is more permissible norm, an increase in the load on the walls.
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Speak express work and find out the foundation material, the depth of the occurrence, strength, the presence of cracks, distortions, and then select the strengthening method. Before starting repair work, temporarily unload the foundation. On the floor of the basement, put the supporting "pillows", at a distance of 2 m from the walls. It is vertically installed with wooden bars and fix with wedges to the transverse ceiling overlaps. Install such backups on each floor, each other. After unloading, you can proceed to the main job.
2
Cressing the foundation of parts. First, perform all operations at a length of 2 m, after completion, go to the next section. Do not leave the surrounding surfaces for a long time. To repair the belt foundation throughout the perimeter, along the walls, dig a trench with a width of 40-50 cm at the bottom, the walls tilt at an angle of 35 degrees. Clean the opening wall of the dirt, remove the falling parts of the foundation. Treat the walls of deep penetration by primer.
3
In the foundation, perform through holes for anchor bolts. Holes drill in rows, with a step in the horizontal plane 60-120 cm. It is enough to perform 3-4 rows of holes. Insert anchors into the holes. If the foundation from the boob stone, the holes can not be drilled, drive the anchor bolts between the stones. Connect the anchor bolts along the horizontally with reinforcement with a diameter of 10-14 mm, welding it to the bolts. Place a large-scale metal grid and breed to the anchor bolts and breed to fittings. Cracks and potholes in the foundation close up with cement mortar.
4
If there are many cracks and destroyed areas in the foundation, at a distance of 10-15 cm from the wall, make a formwork for the fill with concrete. Fill out the resulting gap concrete. After hardening the solution, the trench plump the soil and thoroughly sink each layer. Strengthen the old foundation by creating additional supports at the corners of the foundation. To do this, dry the trenches at the corners of the building with a size of 1 × 1 m, the depth of the pit should be below the old foundation per 1 m. Drill in the open walls of the old foundation of the hole for reinforcement.
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Cook the reinforcement frame from durable wire. The sizes of the frames of the frame - 20x20x20 cm. Lower the design into the pits. Install in the performed holes in the foundation fittings and breed to the frame. Pour the pit with concrete. Concrete pillows will take part of the load from the house, unloading the old foundation. With significant damage to the foundation, in a similar way, the entire base of the house is enhanced by creating an armature belt along the old building.
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With significant foundation defects, special piles will help. They are installed around the perimeter of the foundation and take part of the weight of the house. There are several types of piles, the choice depends on the working conditions. If there is an opportunity to drill wells, Burbinal piles are used. Next to the foundation of the home, perform wells with a diameter of 100 to 300 mm, a depth of 2 m. Make reinforcement frames with dimensions that allow them to install them in wells. Place the frames in the holes and fill with concrete. Connect piles with house anchor bolts. Piles, made in the form of metal pipes, can be pressed into the ground mechanically (jack). After pressing the pipe, fill in concrete and secure the anchor bolts to the foundation.
Strengthening the foundation is used for brick and concrete buildings. Foundations under wooden houses are easier to repair - the house can be lifted on the jacks and build a new base under it.
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