How to make cement mortar

The composition of the cement mortar is simple, however there are many nuances about its preparation, for example, proportions, additives, operation with a solution at low temperatures.

For the preparation of cement mortar, the following materials are needed:

water;
cement;
sand;
plasticizer.

The ratio of all components of the solution primarily depends on which brand is necessary. At best, it must coincide with the brand of the material used. However, the use of the solution of the brand is greater than 115, is not recommended, because It will quickly capture, from which work with him is much difficult. The optimal variant is the solution of the brand 100, which is not satisted after drying.

The solution march is determined by the proportions of cement and sand and is calculated by dividing the cement brand by the number of sand parts with the meaning that the cement is taken by one part:

a solution consisting of 1 unit of cement brand 500 and 5 sand buckets has a brand 100, because 500/5 \u003d 100;
one part of the cement of the grade 400 and 3 of the sand parts is a solution of brand 133, etc.

First of all, it is necessary to dissolve and combat plasticizer in water in a separate container. It is difficult to determine the exact volume of water, because Sand can be wet. But most often the water takes one part, as well as cement. One bucket of water requires approximately 50 ml.

Sequence of actions when a cement mortar is:

satch the sand to get rid of garbage;
practice in the concrete mixer or other capacity cement and sand, mix to a homogeneous state;
pour most of the water with a plasticizer, leaving the tenth part for reinsurance;
mix the solution using a concrete mixer or a construction mixer;
if necessary, add water to the required consistency;
the total duration of the work of concrete mixers for one knead is 10-15 minutes.

Useful tips:

If the solution turned out to be too liquid, then add cement and sand in the necessary proportion.
Sometimes, first of all, water with a plasticizer is poured into the concrete mixer, and then cement and sand, because Bulk materials are faster in water.
If you initially mix the water with a plasticizer, then at the next step it is necessary to add half of the sand, then the entire rate of cement and the remaining sand.
The optimal thickness of the solution is a consistency of the shop sour cream, the solution must hold the form.
A large amount of detergent as a plasticizer makes mortar loose and bulk.
For facial masonry it is better to use sand with the smallest clay content.
To be reinforced from poor-quality cement, add it more.
If necessary, you can add soot or graphite into the solution to give a darker shade, but because of this, the concrete brand is reduced.
When working with cement in weather with a negative temperature, it is necessary to add potassium carbonate (potash) solution, which prevents freezing the fluid.
With negative temperatures, water for the solution needs to be warm up so that the finished solution is longer suitable.

Mixing all ingredients is greatly simplified if there is a concrete mixer or a building mixer. Otherwise, it is best to use the ripper-ripper, but the duration of kneading increases significantly.