How to calculate the foundation for the house

Building a house always begins with the foundation. He is one of the main components of construction parts. If everything is taken into account and make good foundation, the building will serve people for years. To do this, it is important not only to buy quality materials, and still have to make the calculation of the foundation. Well, when those involved designers. That if you build a house by yourself? We'll have to carry your own calculations. We learn from experienced masters, how to calculate the foundation under the house.

First determine the composition of the soil in the area where you are going to build a building. Scoop out five or six wells in different parts of the depth of not less than two meters. Such a test will accurately determine the type of soil. Read below, what are the main types of soil:

Loess - loose soil, which is composed of clay, high content of fines.
Nutrient - a sand and peat soils.
Rocky - a solid ground with a rigid structural connections.
Clay - composition: clay and sand. The bearing part depends on the amount of moisture. Dry clay soil can withstand heavy loads.
Poluskalnyh - the main difference from the rock, that there is no rigid structural connection between strong rocks.
Sandy. Grains of quartz, minerals and clay (less than 3%) - are components of the soil.

Learning the type of soil, you can set what type of foundation to use cost-effective. For rock and semi possible to use any foundation other than the piles. Loess, sand, clay, biogenic are heaving. This concept means that in winter frozen soil increases in volume, due to the fact that the water is converted from liquid to solid. When choosing the type of foundation for these types of soil, take note:

At what level of ground water flow. If their depth - one meter, the foundation slab making. At a deeper level, the location of underground water sources, use tape.
Depth of the freezing of the Earth. Puchious soil should be replaced to the level of freezing, or put a tile low-increment base. Also a suitable variety for the bunching soil will become a pile or a bunned belt base.
The magnitude of the load on the foundation.

Now we find the base area. Her formula:

S ≥ F YN / RO YC; Where: S - Square, Yn is a permanent rate of reliability (1.2 for all types of soil), F is the strength of gravity, RO - soil resistance, YC - indicator of working conditions on the soil.

Here you can download: Indicators of work conditions on the soil.

It remains to find out the burden on the base, that is, the weight of the house and the soil resistance. To calculate the mass of the structure, it is necessary to take into account not only the very severity of the construction, but also the weight of furniture, people, technique, etc. Do not forget that in winter the weight of the house will increase from snow. Experts take into account this by adding 100 kg per square meter of the roof. Now mathematics are more complicated - we consider the mass of the house. It will take a detailed plan, where there are all sizes of rooms, roof, wall thickness, floors. With the help of the scheme you will learn the area in m², for example, roofs. Then, using the data of the table on the weight of the materials, learn the mass. To do this, multiply the resulting roof area on the approximate weight of the material (slate). And so calculate each wall, partition, floor, and at the end summarize the result. Soil resistance You will find below in the document. Then we substitute all known values \u200b\u200bin the above formula and count the foundation area (S).

By the way, download on our portal yet:

To simplify all the calculations exists calculatorwhere you can substitute the values, and it will produce the necessary calculation of the monolithic, reinforced base under the house.

All countable results need a thorough check. Therefore, before you begin the purchase of materials on the foundation, review several times, there is no mistakes in your records.