Finnish houses are traditionally erected from glued timber. The main advantage of this building material is its environmental purity. In addition, the glued bar produced from highly processed logs is much "warmer" and stronger solid wood. It is characterized by good soundproofing and geometric stability, perfectly holds the form and is not deformed when the temperature and humidity drops.
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Any construction begins with the design of the future home and preparation of related documentation (the foundation plan and support beams, a package of the structure and the scheme of the soling system, a detailed dispersion and the image of the building in perspective). The project can be ordered in the architectural bureau or construction organization or create yourself - with the help of a special ArchiCAD program. Next, according to the estimates, the necessary building materials are purchased. For the construction of the outer walls, a massive brus is usually chosen with a thickness of 180-275 mm, a more "delicate" ram with a thickness of no more than 170 mm is suitable for internal partitions.
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The first stage of construction is the formation of the foundation. Under the wooden house most often equip the foundation of the ribbon type. First, the outline of the future base is planned, then the trench is a depth and width of 0.5 m. At the bottom of the recess, the sand layer is 15-20 cm. On top of the rammed sand pillow, the framework of the reinforcement is laid (in the middle and in the corners of the trench of the carcass, substrates are installed From broken brick). Then mounted formwork from laminated boards - they are set to one row along the perimeter of the foundation to a height of 40-50 cm above the surface of the soil and firmly fixed in several places. After that, the foundation tape is poured with concrete.
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To the second stage of construction - the bookmark of the first crowns - proceed after complete biting of the concrete (usually it takes about 20-30 days). In order to high-qualityly water the lower strapping, along the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation, the rubberoid in 2-3 layers is placed, and the lower beams are treated with special water-repellent compositions that prevent the rotting of wood and the formation of mold and fungi. After that, the plating the crowns. The first beams are fixed on the foundation with metal ties. Between the first rows, it is necessarily laid a layer of heat insulation (most often use the pass or jute). For a reliable connection of beams, special mounts are used - wooden brazed. Metal brackets are used as additional fasteners. When laying the crowns leave small gaps between the internal and outer beams - they are needed for full ventilation ventilation.
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The process of furnaceing the floor is starting with the laying of additional beams and connect them to the mortgage crowns. On top of the beams, lags are laid and fixed with the help of screws. The lists put the sheets of moisture-resistant plywood and fasten with metal corners. On top of plywood, the canvas of waterproofing with puffs on the walls and a dense insulation - Minvatu or foam plastic. All joints are carefully sickling with a construction scotch. The top layer of the Pie - similar to the first (flooring from plywood). The finishing floor covering is mounted at the stage of interior finishing works.
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The construction of walls occurs according to preliminary dispersion. On top of the crowns lay a layer of insulation, then the first row of bars are assembled, fixed by it with wooden brazers, then proceed to laying the second and subsequent rows. When assembling a bar, it is necessary to constantly control the geometry of the walls - and vertically, and horizontally. Permissible deviations - no more than 2-3 mm. Upon completion of the construction of a wall box, the beams of intergenerational overlap are installed. They are mounted either by cutting into a bar or on metal fasteners.
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The next step is the installation of the rafter system. For the manufacture of rafters, the dry lumber is used - an ordinary timber or boards with a thickness of at least 50-60 mm. The rafters have a mustache and are connected in a skate with bolts or nails. The prepared frame is starting to install from any of the frontones, sliding fasteners are used to fix the design. At the end of the installation, all holes in the crate are carefully filled with windproof material (diffuse membranes are most often used). After that, they laid the selected roofing and equip the attic space.
To the wiring of engineering communications (connecting electrical wiring, heating, ventilation, water supply and sewage systems) and finishing work, it is possible to start almost immediately after the construction of a church. On average, the entire construction process of the Finnish house takes no more than two months.
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