It is said that the story is cyclical and everything is gradually repeated in a circle. Therefore, what was before us was always interested in human minds. What did people look like? What did they do? What dressed and what did you think about the future? A number of methods have gradually developed, help learn about the past of humanity.
Stories of older generations
Surely, your grandparents and parents told about their lives. And in these stories there were not only descriptions of their youth, but also some information about the historical events of that time, living conditions, historical personalities. Depending on the conditions and lifetime, the stories of older people differ from each other. Moreover, they are associated with personal sensations and experiences, so they cannot be objective. However, this is one of the ways of obtaining information about the past. For example, about living conditions in concentration camps founded mainly from the words of prisoners.
Folklore
This way to learn something about the past follows from the previous one. The oral folk creativity, or folklore, includes folk songs, proverbs, ballads, fairy tales and everything that has no definite author. Of course, accurate historical dates and chronology of events in the folk song is impossible to find. However, from you can learn a lot about the life of the people: traditions, rites, belief, the perception of the world, some important events (historical songs are about Peter I).
Archaeological investigations
The science that is engaged in the study of the past is called archeology.
Since ancient times, people tried to record important events from their lives, as they say rock painting, Egyptian letter, chronicles and other records. Scientists remain only to decipher the written and compare the information received with the knowledge that already exists.
In addition, everything that is done by a person does not disappear anywhere. Sometimes intentionally, sometimes quite by chance, people find things that have been made centuries. And many artifacts do not even need to look for, they have in front of your nose: so it would seem, the usual building also attracts the attention of scientists and is subject to study.
In the books and films, the work of archaeologists is portrayed quite romantic: you ride the world, you are looking for old things and make global discoveries. In real life, everything looks a bit different and diverse.
Archaeological investigations can be divided into two large groups:
- theoretical work;
- field archeology.
Theoretical work includes work with documents and artifacts. This is the study of texts, decryption languages, comparison of facts and events.
Field archeology - what is often shown in films: archaeological exploration and excavation.
Since the study of history is a difficult thing, in which literally all the details are taken into account, there are many types of archaeological works that are engaged in only one "part of the story". For example, Egyptology is an archeology that is engaged in the history of long-standing Egypt.
Fiction
Another way to get acquainted with the history of our ancestors - from fiction. Just like folk creativity, they do not give full information about the past, but they can tell a lot about the historical events and the life of a particular people. Artistic literature, so to speak, complements the work of archaeologists.
If we talk about the linguistic analysis of artistic texts, they can tell a lot about the past. So, you can analyze when a certain word appeared to designate objects and draw conclusions when these items appeared in the lives of people.
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