Valuable organic fertilizer, compost, can be obtained by decomposition of different waste of organic origin, which occurs under the influence of microorganisms.
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It is better to make compost in the fall, when many garden residues accumulate. This should not be done in winter. You can do compost in a pit, in a box or right on the ground, the main thing is that there is open access to the ground, then microorganisms and worms will be able to penetrate there and back. In an ideal case, this is a trench with a depth of 1 m, a width of 1-2 m.
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To create compost, the following raw materials are used: different, nitrogen -saturated organic materials, bird droppings, manure, peat, mowed grass, hay, bone, fallen leaves, waste of vegetables. The egg shells, fruit cleaning, tea residues, meat scraps, dairy products and food residues are also added, only they need to be deepened more, they can attract rodents.
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What is not recommended to be added to compost: plastic, glass, difficult to rot (fat, lard, bones), weeds with seeds, sore plants and citruses. All layers need to be sprinkled with earth or stimulant of compost, they will accelerate the process of fermentation and decay, saturating the compost with nutrients.
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We include the necessary additives in the compost that stimulate the compost ripening process: clay ground or fresh compost (3 shovels per square meter) or compost stimulator: dusty silica (half a kilo per 1 sq.m); Mixed fertilizers of organic origin or manure.
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It is necessary to add manure to compost, it enriches with microorganisms. With a lack of manure, a chemical catalyst can be added to it, which stimulates the growth of bacteria, in turn it accelerates the decomposition process. Also, the fermentation process can be accelerated by adding extracts and hoods from the biohumus: “vermistim”, “humisol”, “rainbow”, “effect”, “ideal”.
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When wood waste prevails in compost - straw, chips or sawdust, it is better to add nitrogen fertilizers (10 kg of sawdust - 0.300 kg of ammonium sulfate). You can improve the quality of compost by adding phosphorus fertilizers to it: 2-4% phosphorite flour or 1-2% superphosphate. 1% potassium chloride is added to compost on sandy and sandy soils.
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It is necessary to properly lay the prepared raw materials. Dig a hole with a depth of 10 cm, then you can cover the compost with the top layer of the earth. On the very bottom, sawdust must be laid as drainage, chopped branches of 20-30 cm thick, the following layers are laid in layers of 5-25 cm. The height of the compost should not exceed 1-1.5 meters. It is necessary to alternate dry waste (bark, paper, hay, straw, branches, peat, soil shallow) with juicy (tops, humus, turf, moss, food waste, mowed grass). Between these layers add compost additives.
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The upper layer of compost is covered with earth, in the summer dry time it must be slightly watered. In winter, you need to cover with a film, roofing material or tarpaulin so that moisture does not fall and heat remains.
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To get humus from waste, it takes from 6 to 24 months. It all depends on what materials the compost consists of. The main process of decay occurs in the center of the heap, so monthly it needs to be mixed so that the inhabitants of the compost will receive enough oxygen. In the spring-summer season, the maturation of compost occurs faster.
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The finished compost looks like a crumbling brown mass, which easily grinds with your hands. It contains rainworms. The compost should not be very dry and not very wet, it can be checked by maturity by planting nasturtium seeds. If the seeds sprouted and green leaves appeared on them, then compost is mature.
They use compost for fertilizer of any culture, also added to the digging of soil.
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