If the grape season comes to an end, then the bushes need to be properly prepared for the approaching cold. The preservation of plants and future yield depends on the events.
Plant Preparation for Winter
Before the first frosts need to reduce the infectious background of plantations. To do this, carry out the processing of the vine and foliage with special preparations containing copper. They are effectively struggling with anthracudosis disease, Mildu's disputes. Topaz processing will protect against Oidium, the drug rear is used from gray rot, and Mospilan and Bi-58 helps from pests.
It is better to transfer the wintering with the help of a feeding of potassium and phosphorus, which is brought when watering or spraying. Watering under the root is carried out by superphosphates and calmagnesia. For the preparation of the solution, you need superphosphate to pre-dissolve in the water and let it stand, then drain the hood, add a calmagnezia. An adult plant for processing requires 1 bucket of the solution every 3 weeks, young - half a dose.
Pruning plants in autumn
All the grapes of our strip traditionally cut grapes in the fall. Due to this, you can increase the future harvest and improve the quality of berries. Protecting plants favorably affects the taste of berries.
Why do circumcision need to do next fall? Because at this time the entire harvest is assembled. Crossing grape stems can be made at temperatures higher than -3 C. At a lower temperature, it is not recommended to touch the plant, because after freezing it becomes more fragile and breaking.
It is possible to cut the grapes to other seasons, but for this you need to follow the following rules:
- In the spring, young sprouts are trimmed, which will not be froning this season. When trimming a fruiting branch, we can cause the leakage of juice, which is negatively reflected in the crop.
- not be cut in the summer, but you can break off the dry twigs, shoots pinch, pinch. These measures will improve the fruiting performance, exclude the development of diseases, provide access to large clusters of fresh air. In this dry branches will not absorb nutrients.
types of pruning
Pruning branches affects the growth form and their direction. Therefore, there are different types of pruning:
- Fan. This option is suitable for areas in which the plant is fully harbor. Trimming is carried out from the main germ a certain angle, the result is obtained in the form of a fan.
- Stam. This type of pruning is used in warm areas, different hardiness and disease resistance. This is a more sophisticated way, but the effect it has significantly higher. Stam cropping involves growing plants up to human growth. While maintaining delivery of useful components of the fruit.
Scheme fan pruning
The main objective is to create a sleeve for grape vines. Each year, the scheme is considered to be each stage:
- Formation of seedlings: Autumn pruning 3 buds.
- Pinching extra sprouts in the spring. On the branch should remain 2 escape that grow in opposite directions. For the season shoots are gaining the fortress, so the fall of their cut on a limb replacement, leaving four buds.
- In the spring to start the formation of the sleeve. On strong germs leave germ 2, wherein the lower process should be directed outwards.
- In the autumn begin trimming the sleeves, which attaches to the wire. It is important that the inner sleeve was longer than the domestic.
Recommendation: remove the lower shoots, leaving the top of the foundations of vines.
A year later, the main crop sprouts 8 kidney, and kidney 3 - knots of substitution.
Every autumn crop fertile vine.
Scheme stam method pruning
In this manner is formed from the main pole and the germ knot substitution.
- Autumn cut mote eyelet 3 (of which one spare). In the spring to start topping the weak germ, shortening strong 3 buds. In this case the second knot germ make substitution by cutting it down to 2 kidneys.
- Post a mature main germ. For this to happen you need to prischipnut top and remove suckers.
- After 3 years, cut the main shoot up to the required height, removing all sprouts, except the top. Their tie to the high wire. Twig substitution also clear from shoots on low bitch leave 2 buds to strong 6.
- In the same season to pay attention to Squirting shoulders. They should be shortened, leaving the strongest shoots, depending on the grape variety.
- Then leave 4 kidneys in shoots a year later.
- At the beginning of the autumn, to shorten the fruiting bitch for 7 kidneys, and the lower ditch of replacement cut up to 3 kidneys.
- To cut off the main vine every year, and make a new one from the bitch.
- This type of trimming is appropriate in places where the temperature is not reduced below 15 C.
Grape shelter for winter
Eliminate the plant from frosts can be used by the shelter by various methods:
- Earth. Drop the deepening and put in it a vine, then pour out the earth. Denote the place of shelter using pegs. This is the easiest and most reliable shelter method, which is used in warm regions. By cons of this method include damage to bacterial cancer of the vine.
- Combined method. The vine is covered with the film, rubberoid, foam, top placed polyethylene to prevent moisture from entering, and the Earth is sprinkled on the sides.
Tip: If you put poison for the shelter, it will help to cope with rodents.
To grow an excellent harvest, you need to study theoretical material. But for a more visible example of the trimming of grapes, it is recommended to watch video.
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