Stone coal - natural fuel, which nature generously awarded humanity. Everyone knows that when burning "Black Gold" highlights a large amount of heat and is used for heating, and mining coal in mines deep underground. Let's try to figure out how useful fossil organic origin was in the depths of the earth's crust? How, as a result of what processes, a stone coal was formed?
The formation of peat
Most of the coal deposits began their formation in distant Paleozoa. At this time, the Earth reigned tree ferns, horsetails, planes, gicked plants, their prints and fossils still found in the earth's crust, so plants from past geological periods are called fossil.
Paleozoic plants, passing the life cycle accumulated in the form of organic residues at the bottom of the reservoirs, which covered most of the earth's surface. They were covered with land, ashes, lava, were subjected to full or partial decomposition under the influence of physical and chemical processes, turning into peat, and then into stone coal. Plants with a large vegetative mass decomposed with the release of methane and hydrogen sulfide gas, which contributed to the peeling and opening of plant remains. Under the water layer and sedimentary rocks, there was a slight amount, which was one of the main factors for the formation of coal.
Carbon production process - brown coal
It took more than 300 million years to be carried out in the process of carbonization. And now there are huge peat deposits on Earth, but to form a stone coal, certain conditions are necessary:
- high pressure
- heat
- hundreds of millions of years
Initially, the peat was formed brown coal - lignite with a small carbon content, Not yet coal, but no longer peat. Loose, brown coal more reminded peat and until today is formed on swampy locations from the canthake, the sources inside the huge peatlands. In it you can find the remains of fossil and modern plants, which did not have time to finally decompose. This is the youngest coal, the one we use as activated carbon in pills. It is used as fuel for boilers, like mineral fertilizer and additive for the production of asphalt.
Brown coal with high carbon content up to 70% - The solid breed of black and brown color, without traces of fossil plants. Under the action of thermo- and barodynic processes, at high temperature and pressure, the lignin turns into a stronger and thermal brown coal, burning with a large amount of heat.
Coal process - Stone coal
Coal It is formed from the brown, the truth is not always, but only when the tectonic movements of the earth's crust arise and the layers of brown coal are immersed deeply under the ground. Here is a meeting with magma under high pressure. As a result, the amount of carbon in the corner increases, and the passing natural gases and moisture decreases. If you look at it under the microscope, you can find the smallest particles of plants. Thus, for many millions of years, brown coal turned into a stone with a large content of carbon. Best stone coal - Anthracite, It is brilliant, black. With its combustion there is a large amount of heat.
All over the world is a large mining of stone coal. The most powerful coal industry in the PRC, but also a lot of coal in the USA, India, Russia. There is an open and closed mine coal mining method. Despite modern equipment and equipment, without heavy and dangerous work, Shakhtar cannot do. Work in the mine is associated with injuries and diseases, and mining openly causes harm to nature. There are alternative types of fuel - fuel oil, gas, electricity, but coal mining to this day is a profitable production that causes great profits.
0
324
