Mode or Schedule - With these words, every person is familiar. What does the term river mode mean? Let's try to figure out and understand whether water artery really live in their own, own, schedule.
River mode, what is it?
The river mode changes together with climatic, seasonal changes. In the spring begins ice-growing, streams are running into the river, raging the supply of water, changing its chemical composition. There are seasons when a friendly melting of snow leads to a flood. In the summer, the riverbed can dry off the drought, and in the fall of rainwater and the river comes out of his shores. In the summer there is an active breeding of flora and fauna, and by winter, animals are preparing for winter, buried in il and under the courts, enter the anabiosis state.
The behavior of the river every day, week, season and the whole year is called river regime. Knowing when a great arrival is expected or a decrease in water level, icebelivery or ice freight, you can get ahead and prevent the consequences of a flood, flooding settlements, breakthrough dam.
Distinguish the phases of the river regime
- Metro - Minimum level of river water. This factor is characteristic of both the summer and winter season. Especially the mint threatens small rivers without natural feeding in the form of groundwater, streams. Summer from high temperatures and minor precipitation grows the line - it summer Mary. And in winter, under the ice, the water occurs, which also leads to a decrease in its level - this winter Massare.
Flood - The maximum level for which water rises in the river bed. As a rule, the spill of the river and the exit from the bed is repeated from year to year, however, with different intensity. If the winter snowy and fast melting of snow, the river comes out of the banks and fills the same places on the ground - floodplains. In order to prevent flooding of settlements, hydraulic structures prevent the output of water from the bed (dams, dams).
Flood - phenomenon is akin to flood or flood. It occurs unpredictable most often from abundant summer or autumn rains. The usual phenomenon on the rivers of the Far East.
Lostav and ice freight Two factors with the opposite value. Ice station It is observed in the cold season when the river is covered with ice. Icewater it happens springWhen, due to the increase in air temperature, the ice starts to melt, break and sail downstream. Autumn ice freight, Before the start of the ice station. Under the influence of wind and rains already formed ice floes break and depart downstream or run on each other, forming toros..
Factors affecting the river regime
Geographical position of the river:
- mainland for which river flows
- to which ocean pool applies
- direction of flow, length, depth, mouth of the water artery.
Power supply river
- glaciers
- snow
- groundwater
- sitting in the form of snow and rain
- mixed nutrition
Power sources of rivers, have a direct impact on its water balance.
Climatic zone
- seasonal temperature and her oscillations
- dry or wet climate
- wind direction and speed
Features of terrain
- mountains (Highlands, Ranges)
- plains (lowlands, hills, plateaus) the largest part of the earth's surface
The features of the terrain, directly associated with the drain and water regime of rivers
Human influence (anthropogenic factor)
- man takes water from the river for household and industrial needs
- build a hydroelectric station
- resets waste into the river
- build settlements on the shores of rivers, bridges, dams
Considering climatic, geographical factors, as well as terrain, you can determine the river regime. If the river proceeds along the plain, the rains and evaporation affects its water regime if the river is mountain, then the temperature of the air masses. The flood should be expected on the Rivers of the Far East in the summer, when monsoon rains begin. In a temperate climate on the plains of the river, the spring is spilled, and cake in summer and winter.
Knowing the river mode, you can manage and force to obey the person. It is only necessary to remember that irrepressible actions can cause irreparable damage to water arteries, vital for the existence of animals, plants and humans.
2
531
