From school, we know - everything around us consists of molecules, the smallest particles, which constantly interact with each other. Let's upgrade our knowledge and remember why the stone is difficult to squeeze in your hands, and water can glue the broken sheet of wood.
As the molecules interact - the mutual attraction of molecules
All around us: Liquid and solid items, gaseous substances consist of the smallest particles - molecules that are continuously and constantly moving among themselves. The main reason is that items are not scattered on the molecule, is their attraction to each other. Science has proven that mutual attraction is always valid. Each molecule is attracted to the other and their still stretch.
- The solid bodies remain in their form, and the fluids are not disintegrated by droplets due to the intermolecular compound. Such an attraction we will not see eyes, it is too small. This force acts on ultra-long distances, such as the dimensions of the particles themselves.
- After breaking the plate and trying to connect two pieces together, it will not restore. Trying to bring parts of the broken plate, we closer only to the small part of the molecules, of which it consists. Most of the particles remain at a fairly large distance, insufficient for entry into force of the action of the attraction of molecules. However, in shaking the torn sheet with wood with water, it stops. We will create a sufficient intermolecular attraction of water molecules to the leaf molecules in order to glue the torn sheet.
- In nature, the force of attraction of molecules is visible in the wetting of solid bodies. Take a piece of glass and horizontally it in contact with the surface of the water. When lifting up from the water, we will have to apply a little effort to "tear off" the glass from the surface. The lower part, which in contact with water, after raising the glass will be wet. This means that when the glass is separated from the surface of the water, we overcome the strength of the attraction of water molecules among themselves. The gap itself occurred not between glass molecules, but between water molecules. Thus, we are convinced that the attraction between the molecules of different substances is not equally. In some objects, the attraction of particles is more and more difficult to break or stretch, and others are weaker.
- A sheet of paper is easier to break, overcoming the attraction of molecules than iron sheet. In a given example, water molecules are stronger than glass molecules. However, water is not wetted by bolds. For example, dropping a piece of paraffin into the water we pull it out dry. This will prove that the attraction of paraffin molecules is stronger than the attraction of water molecules.
How to interact with each other - repulsion of molecules
Molecules are attracted to each other, but they do not stick together. There are gaps between the tiny particles. If the molecules squeeze too close, they will push apart from each other. Intermolecular repulsion takes effect when the distance between molecules becomes less than the size of the particles themselves and tends to zero. Vitely the pushing force demonstrates a sponge, which after compression in the hand restores its original shape. In the compression of the sponge, we plug down its molecules at a very close distance less than the dimensions of the molecules when the power of mutual repulsion of all molecules occurs.
Molecules interact with each other by mutual attraction and repulsion. These processes depend on the distance on which molecules are from each other: if the intermolecular distance is more than the size of the particles themselves - they are attracted if less - repel. The effect of attraction and repulsion of molecules also depends on the kind of substance. Sliding bodies have a stronger attraction than liquid molecules and weaker repulsion. The coin does not squeeze in the hand, and the molecules of gaseous substances are stronger from each other, which allows gases to not be formed into objects.
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