Laws and patterns studied in the course of physics clearly illustrate many processes occurring in nature. Features and result of the interaction of light flows and other items (incl. All sorts of substances) considers a separate section of physics - optics. Studying the laws of radiation optics, it is possible to find out the degree of absorption and reverse return of the rays during the passage of one or another environment without taking into account the consideration of the light as the flow of waves.
Reverse flow movement - reflection
The light stream, facing the place of contact of the environments of various density, changes the course of the movement and continues its scattering in the original environment. This phenomenon is characterized by a term "reflection of light".
If we consider the occurring process from the position of geometry, the picture is folded as follows. Falling, as well as reflected, directional rays are concluded within the unified plane. At the point of contact of the directional flow and the touch surface (at an angle of 90 °), a straight line with the accessory of the same plane as the light rays. Moreover, this vertical separates the angle between the incident and reflected threads on the parts identical among themselves. Based on this, 2 postulates of reflection flow of light particles:
- 1 postulate. Two directed beams, the falling and reflected, as well as the perpendicular line, passing through the point of contact of the rays and the surface, is concluded within the boundaries of the uniform plane.
- 2 postulate. The degree measure of the angle of falling coincides with a similar value of the reflection angle. At the same time, at an angle of incidence, an angle is meant formed by a directed falling beam and a vertical feature - perpendicular. The reflection angle characterizes a degree expression of the rejection of the reflected beam from the vertical.
Refraction of light
The essence of the refractiveness process of the flow of light particles is to change its course of movement after partial absorption. The latter is noted as the result of the transition of the rays from a less dense real medium into a more dense.
Geometrically this phenomenon is as follows. At the point of passing the falling beam, the transition boundary between two environments is carried out (at 90 °). In a new substance, the radiation stream continued its "movement" by forming a refracted beam. The purpose of the study is an angle formed by the beam when moving towards the separation of media and erected by perpendicular, and the rejection of the refractive ray from the same perpendicular. Denote the data of the values \u200b\u200bof both ∠φ and ∠μ, respectively.
The degree of refraction - changes in the course of motion - one medium with respect to the other is expressed as a relationship:
sinφ / sinμ \u003d k
The refraction postulate of the light stream determines:
- Falling and refracted light beam, as well as a vertical, erected in the particle motion change area belong to a single plane.
- The ratio determining the refractive factor is a constant for arbitrary considered material media. In other words, the value of the refractive characterizes the degree of difference of the speed of light in the initial medium from the characteristic of the same name in a new substance.
Full aback
Each medium or substance with which the light beam faces is characterized by a one or another level of absorbing ability. The coefficient of the inverse movement (reflection) of the light beam determines which part of the energy transferred to the boundary of the contact border, the light flux "takes" together with the reflected rays. The reflection coefficient depends on many factors, including the composition of the incident flow and the view of its fall to the surface.
The refracted beam, which formed as the result of the transition of the light stream of optically more dense into a less dense medium, is returned in full (it does not go out at all in the second environment).
Such a picture takes place due to the exceeding the degree of the angle in the fall (ω) above the maximum value of the deviation in full reflection (η (pr)):
η \u003d η (pr), then sinω \u003d 1.
sinη (pr) \u003d 1 / k, where
k is the refractive factor.
A similar phenomenon, for example, explains the sparkling shine of precious stones.
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