What is electric current?

Electricity is a very important element of our life. Without it, modern life is impossible, because almost all that we use in everyday life, feeds on electricity every day. This makes it easy to function and simplifies various activities. Sometimes we do not even pay attention to how important it is for us. We are simply accustomed to such convenience. Let's figure it out what is electric current, so we need?

1

Electric current - what is it?

• Electric current is an electric charge stream that moves through the conductive material for a certain period of time.
• The electric current is created when the charges are moved in the medium, which can be solid, liquid or gaseous.
• Solid bodies, in this case, are called conductor. They are characterized as elements that have electrons free from valence.
• Practically, electricity is a lot of small particles, called electrons, which are part of atoms. And since everything is made of atoms, it is assumed that in everything there is potential electricity.

• Electricity gives the energy of one of the four main forces of nature and is the phenomenon of energy storage through the substance.
• Current can also be called the consequence of the movement of electrons that are inside the specific conductive material. It is expressed in C / S pendants per second in the international system of units, and the unit is known as Amp.
• In the closed electrical circuit, the electron charge always comes from a negative pole to a positive pole. When the electric current was discovered, it was believed that the sense was the opposite, but his true movement was confirmed due to the Hall effect.
• For the existence of electric current, the electrons that are most remote from the nucleus of the material atom should be freely disconnected and freely circulated between the atoms of the specified body. This phenomenon can also occur in nature when the charged clouds give electrons jets, which circulate through the air and cause zipper.
• The electric current is measured in (a) amperes, and for electronic circuits, it is usually measured in MA (Milliamper) or (MCA) microamper.

1 mA (milliamper) \u003d 0.001 a (amp)
1 μA (microamper) \u003d 0.000001 A (amp)

2

Types of electric current

Depending on the direction of current and time, two types of electric current can be determined: direct and variable.

• Direct current. It is defined as a current in which the electron flux always occurs in one direction. A constant current is the result of the electron flow (negative charge) using the conductor (usually the copper wire or cable). Such a current does not change its magnitude and direction over time.
• The electrical current comes out of the negative terminal and ends positive. It happens that this is a flow of electrons with a negative charge. The amount of electron charge is very small. Commonly used charge unit is a pendant (much more than an electron charge).
• 1 Pendant \u003d Load 6,280,000,000,000,000 000 or Scientific Notation: 6.28 x 10 18 electrons.
• The direct current is created by electrochemical and photovoltaic elements and batteries.
• Since 2008, the use of direct current generators is expanding with photovoltaic elements that allow you to use solar energy.

• Alternating current. This is a current that has a feature of a periodic change of its magnitude and direction. The form of oscillations of the most commonly used alternating current is a sinusoidal oscillation, since more efficient energy transmission is achieved. However, some applications use other periodic shapes of oscillations, such as triangular or square.
• In everyday life, this type of energy is what comes to enterprises and houses. Another feature of the AC system is that it has been developed fundamentally Nicholas Tesla.
• Note that the sound signals and radio signals transmitted by electrical cables are also an examples of alternating current.

3

Effect of electric current

There are three electric current effects. It:

• Caller capacity. It is produced by an increase in the temperature of the conductor due to the passage of the electric current. This ability has basic applications for heating in furnaces, coffee makers, multicookers, fryingrs, iron, heating batteries, welding machines.

• Chemical effect. It occurs in ion conductors, where the current produces useful chemical changes. For example, with electrolysis.
• Magnetic effect. Each electric current passing through the conductor creates a magnetic field like a magnet. Its applications are infinite: from electric motors, televisions, radio receivers, voltmeters, ammeters to jewelry, toys and small household items.
• Light effect. This happens when the current passes through the thread of incandescent and light bulb lights up. In the case of fluorescent lamps or light-emitting diodes, electrical energy is converted into light energy.

• Physiological effect. This effect can affect people and animals, causing electric shock. An example of this effect is the operation of various electric motors and electromedician devices.

Electricity is very important for the modern functioning of humanity. Wherever we move, it will always surround us. Thanks to electricity, many actions can be performed that have become indispensable in a person's life.